Model Train Scales Explained
Welcome to our haven for scale model train enthusiasts! Whether you’re a seasoned collector or a new hobbyist, you’ve arrived at the perfect destination to explore the fascinating world of scale model trains. Our website provides you with comprehensive resources, detailed guides, and the latest news in the realm of model railroading.
Scale model trains come in various sizes and complexities, each offering a unique experience and level of detail. From the sprawling landscapes suitable for larger G-scale models to the intricate precision of Z-scale trains, every scale offers something special. As you navigate our site, you’ll find in-depth information on popular scales like HO, renowned for its balance of size and detail, and N-scale, which allows for extensive rail systems in a compact space. Whether you’re building your first layout or looking to expand a sophisticated setup, understanding these scales and their specific advantages is crucial.
Dive into our expertly curated content and community features that will enhance your knowledge and love for this engaging hobby. Let’s embark on this miniature journey together, discovering the scales that inspire model train enthusiasts around the world!
Scale vs. Gauge
In the world of model trains, the terms “scale” and “gauge” are often used interchangeably, but they refer to two distinct aspects of model railroading. Understanding the difference between these two terms is crucial for both beginners and seasoned enthusiasts as they build and expand their collections.
Scale refers to the proportional size of the model train in relation to the real train it represents. It determines how much smaller the model is compared to its full-sized counterpart. Each scale is denoted by a letter or letters (such as HO, N, O, G, etc.), and it dictates the dimensions of the trains, scenery, buildings, and accessories in your layout. For example, in the popular HO scale, the models are 1/87th the size of real trains.
Gauge, on the other hand, refers specifically to the distance between the rails on the track. Different scales may have different gauges. For instance, both O-scale and G-scale models can run on tracks that are 45 mm apart, but because they are different scales, the trains and surrounding elements will vary significantly in size.
When setting up a model railway, both scale and gauge are important. Choosing a consistent scale ensures that all components of your layout match proportionally. Meanwhile, the correct gauge guarantees that the trains run smoothly on the track without derailing, maintaining operational integrity and aesthetic coherence of your model railroad.
Standards vary between North America, Europe, and the rest of the world, and you can learn more about this on our Origins page.
G SCALE
HO SCALE
1:87 Scale
0.65 inches between rails
HO is the most popular model railroad scale in the United States and continental Europe. The “H” in “HO” stands for half the scale of O scale (see below). The HO is the perfect scale for the average-sized home set-up, which also allows for cheaper prices for the collector. Nearly every major manufacturer of model trains produces HO scale products, including Lionel, Bachmann, Atlas, Walthers, Kato, and Intermountain.
O SCALE
1:48 Scale
1.25 inches between rails
A long-time standard in the model train industry, O scale measures 1.25 inches between the rails. While not as popular as it once was, this scale remains the go-to choice for rail collectors and hobbyists. Lionel is one such company that has trains, rails, and rolling stock that are focused on this audience. Bachmann Trains carries a huge selection of quality O scale model locomotives and track as well.
And for those who want to set up dioramas or fully developed layouts, companies like Evemodel make just about everything necessary to help bring scenes to life.
S SCALE
1:64 Scale
0.885 inches between rails
S scale is one of the earliest scales in model railroading, yet it still has a dedicated following. While the oldest known versions were made of card stock, companies such as American Flyer, Lionel, and S-Helper Service produce high-quality locomotives, rolling stock, and accessories.
N SCALE
1:160 Scale
0.345 inches between rails
While not the smallest scale for model trains, N scale is the perfect choice for those who want the scale model railroad experience but lack the space that a large-scale environment an S or HO scale may require. These sets are detailed enough to satisfy all levels of model train enthusiasts, from beginners to veterans, and there are plenty of quality manufacturers to choose from.
Z SCALE
1:220 Scale
0.256 inches between rails
The smallest of commercially produced model trains, Z scale offer all the options of the larger scale railroad model scales, but at a much smaller size. Z Scale offers several advantages and disadvantages that do not come with other scale. Advantages include the ability to create elaborate layouts in small spaces, while disadvantages are centered on the probability of derailments and the relative inability of climbing upgrades. Therefore, few major manufacturers offer Z scale products. Dedicated hobbyists must rely on niche manufacturers such as Märklin, Micro-Trains Line, American Z Line, and Atlas.